Multiple myeloma mm is a cancer that occurs in plasma cells, which fall under the category of white blood cells that are in charge of antibody production. Myeloma affects multiple places in the body hence why it is sometimes referred to as multiple myeloma where bone marrow is normally active, such as the bones of the spine, pelvis, rib cage and the areas around the shoulders and hips. Ultimately it will cause a wide range of symptoms and complications and the most common are. Laboratory features of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Empowering patients to make informed decisions about their diagnosis and treatment in the rapidly changing. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Objective multiple myeloma can pose a diagnostic challenge and this article highlights issues in diagnosis. Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic plasmacell disorder that is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, monoclonal protein in the blood or. Multiple myeloma differential diagnoses medscape reference. Having an accurate diagnosis and assessment of your disease is the first step in getting the right care. If you have been diagnosed with multiple myeloma or are worried about it, you. Multiple myeloma 2016 boca raton regional hospital.
In other cases, your doctor may suspect multiple myeloma based on your signs and symptoms. Multiple myeloma mm is a debilitating malignancy that is part of a spectrum of diseases ranging from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance mgus to plasma cell. May 22, 2019 light chain multiple myeloma patients had high. Multiple myeloma accounts for 1% of all cancers and approximately 10%. Genetic factors and viral infection may also influence the risk of developing multiple myeloma.
Multiple myeloma dr harpreet singh bhatia dmch, ludhiana,punjab 2. In germany there are around 6500 new cases of multiple myeloma each year and it is the third most commonly occurring disease of the blood after leukemia and nonhodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms of multiple myeloma arent always apparent, but blood tests, biopsies, imaging, and other tools can detect and diagnose this cancer. Mar 12, 2016 the american cancer society offers more information regarding the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, including a summary of the many tests that may be recommended. Criteria for diagnosis, staging, risk stratification and response assessment of multiple myeloma. Jul 26, 2015 medicine multiple myeloma armando hasudungan. Pdf advances in the imaging and treatment of multiple myeloma have occurred over the past decade. Multiple myeloma early detection, diagnosis, and staging what cancer patients, their families, and caregivers need to know about the coronavirus. Ppt multiple myeloma powerpoint presentation free to view. Jght cham mgus solitary plasmacytoma solitary plasmacytoma with minimal marrow involvement a ycirki119 gtc,p di. View a short video led by an asco expert and patient advocate that provides basic information and areas of research related to multiple myeloma. Pdf multiple myeloma mm constitutes 1% of malignant diseases and 15% of haematological malignancies.
Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that accounts for. Multiple myeloma blood american society of hematology. Multiple myeloma occurs in over 2000 new patients in england and wales each year. They will determine whether you have the disease, if it appears to be active, and how much it has spread. Multiple myeloma early detection, diagnosis, and staging 1. International myeloma working group updated criteria for. Multiple myeloma lecture series managing toxicities of myeloma therapy tomer m. These data could contribute to the approval of the subcutaneous daratumumab formulation by regulatory bodies. The revised international myeloma working group criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma and related disorders are shown on table 1. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was based on the following findings.
It is characterised by a clonal population of bone marrow plasma cells which secrete a monoclonal paraprotein or an immunoglobulin free light chain flc figure 1a, b. Most people first go to their doctor because of vague symptoms that can be difficult to diagnose, such as fatigue, recurrent infections or back pain. Multiple myeloma often is seen in the veteran population, and va providers should be familiar with its diagnosis and treatment so that an. It is characterised by a clonal population of bone marrow plasma cells which. It is important that a diagnosis is well established before beginning any treatment for multiple myeloma. Subcutaneous daratumumab was noninferior to intravenous daratumumab in terms of efficacy and pharmacokinetics and had an improved safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma requires increased numbers of immature, abnormal, or atypical plasma cells in the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma diagnostic criteria calculator medscape. Multiple myeloma mm is a malignant disorder characterized. Multiple myeloma diagnosis and treatment disorder nonlgm monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance mgus smoldering multiple myeloma multiple myeloma jgm monoclonal gammopa1hy of undetermined signifkanee lgm mgus l. Multiple myeloma multiple myeloma multiple myeloma multiple myeloma median age at diagnosis, 65 years mm accounts for 1 2 % of all malignant diseases mgus 55% multiple myeloma 18. Diagnosing multiple myeloma includes blood work, a 24hour urine collection, a bone marrow biopsy, imaging studies such as xrays, mris, pet scans and bone density tests.
Pdf multiple myeloma consists of a clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma mm is a plasma cell malignancy in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate in bone marrow, resulting in an overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein m protein. Pdf laboratory features of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Learn more about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma diagnosis diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell malignancy that accounts for slightly more than 10% of all hematologic cancers. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the immune system, in particular of the plasma cell a mature b. Malignanat b cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the marrow with plasma cell predominating. Multiple myeloma kahlers disease, plasma cell myeloma, myelomatosis is a malignant plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and the diffuse infiltration of monoclonal same type plasma cells in the bone marrow. The calculator for multiple myeloma diagnostic criteria uses parameters to make a diagnosis. Multiple myeloma often is seen in the veteran population, and va providers should be familiar with its diagnosis and treatment.
It presents most frequently as bone pain and patients tend to become dehydrated and may develop renal. Overall, only 35% of the patients are younger than 65 years at the time of diagnosis, whereas the remaining twothirds are older. Multiple myeloma mm, also known as symptomatic plasma cell myeloma, is a plasma cell malignancy. Multiple myeloma diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic.
Patients may present with bone pain or with symptoms that are often nonspecific, such as nausea. Some patients with multiple myeloma have no symptoms at all. In its early stages, multiple myeloma may not cause any symptoms or complications so it may be that it may only be diagnosed after a routine blood or urine test. After your diagnosis its also important to have a strong support system. Multiple myeloma cancer of the bone marrow 75,000 100,000 patients in the us at any one time over,500 new cases diagnosed each year in the us male to female ratio is 3. Multiple myeloma mm is a debilitating malignancy that is part of a spectrum of diseases ranging from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance mgus to plasma cell leukemia. Find out how multiple myeloma is tested for, diagnosed, and staged. Myeloma is called multiple because it frequently involves multiple areas in the body. Acute and chronic pancreatitis nursing lecture symptoms. The parameters include plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy, bone marrow plasmacytosis, m protein, urinary kappa or lambda excretion, marrow plasmacytosis, lytic bone lesions, evidence of a monoclonal protein, and hypoglobulinemia of normal proteins. The malignant plasma cells, or myeloma cells, accumulate in the bone marrow.
Jan 11, 2016 myeloma classification monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance serum mprotein 3 gdl andor bone marrow plasma cells. This fact sheet is available as a pdf, so it is easy to print out. The plasma cells proliferate in the bone marrow and often results in extensive skeletal destruction with osteolytic lesions, osteopenia, andor pathologic fractures. Apart from the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, a number of cases had varying diagnoses including the following. Read a 1page fact sheet that offers an introduction to multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma mm is a cancer of the immune system that occurs in the white blood cells that compose plasma. Some early cancers may have signs and symptoms that can be noticed, but that is not always the case. Some affected people may have no suspicious signs or symptoms of multiple myeloma, especially in the early stages of the condition. Multiple myeloma mm is a disease that is primarily treated by hematologists. February 28, 2018 signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma some patients with multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma mm accounts for 17% of us hematologic malignancies, 1. In the last decade, therapy and diagnosis of multiple myeloma have seen more changes. Subcutaneous versus intravenous daratumumab in patients with. These updated esmo clinical practice guidelines cover the diagnosis and pathologymolecular biology, staging and risk assessment and response evaluation of multiple myeloma.
Ppt multiple myeloma powerpoint presentation free to. Multiple myeloma early detection, diagnosis, and staging. It is important to note that the intravenous contrast dye often used for ct scans for other types of cancer is specifically avoided in people with multiple myeloma. The national cancer institute estimates about 118,539 cases of multiple myeloma. Most patients with myeloma have disease involving multiple sites at the time of diagnosis. Multiple myeloma knowledge for medical students and. Jan 31, 2017 theres no cure for multiple myeloma but with an early diagnosis and treatment, recovery is possible. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma is anchored on three findings in your body.
The lecture gives an overview of the diagnosis of multiple myeloma including its clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging, followed by the spinal manifestation of the disease. Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that begins in the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma is the second most common type of blood cancer after leukemia. Dexamethasone in patients pts with previously untreated multiple myeloma without an intent for immediate autologous stem cell transplant asct. Multiple myeloma accounts for 1% of all cancers and approximately 10% of all haematological malignancies. This is a comprehensive, stateoftheart guide to the diagnosis, treatment, and biology of multiple myeloma and related plasma disorders. Bone pain pain can be a symptom of the myeloma bone disease that often occurs in myeloma. Laboratory features of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. The diagnosis of mm requires the presence of an mprotein in serum andor. Multiple myeloma may be diagnosed sooner in those people than those who did not have mgus or a solitary plasmacytoma. Multiple myeloma is seldom cured, although treatment can relieve symptoms, induce remission, and prolong life. Anemia occurs in 70% of patients at diagnosis and is the primary cause of fatigue. Multiple myeloma epidemiology and patient geographic distribution in canada. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been.
Mm is often discovered through routine blood screening when patients are being evaluated for unrelated problems. First described in 1848, mm is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein m protein. To form an accurate diagnosis, your doctor will rely on a number of factors, including physical evaluation, symptoms, medical history, and the results of many different diagnostic tests. Results of the randomized phase iii trial swog s0777 brian g. Plasma cells come from b lymphocytes, and produce antibodies immunoglobulins. Cure 5 what you will learn from this booklet the imfs understanding series of booklets is designed to acquaint you with treatments and supportive care measures for multiple myeloma.
Background multiple myeloma is characterised by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow, which produce an abnormal monoclonal paraprotein and evidence of end organ damage. Multiple myeloma multiple myeloma multiple myeloma multiple myeloma median age at diagnosis, 65 years mm accounts for 1 2 % of all malignant diseases mgus 55% multiple myeloma. Exposure to radiation, organic chemicals such as benzene, herbicides, and insecticides may play a role. Tell the radiologist or the radiology technician about your diagnosis before receiving dye injection into your vein, because this can cause kidney damage in people with myeloma.
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